Unit+8

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__**Definitions - Electromagnetic Spectrum**__ 1.Electromagnetic radiation- Energy liberated through nucleus fusion in the sun and transmitted to earth, which consists of energetic emissions

Electromagnetic spectrum- Particular types of electromagnetic radiation each type representing a particular energy range. What is a photon? It is the energy bundle of electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light. Photons travel as waves and do not require a medium, or substance, to support their movement

2. What is a photon? It is the energy bundle of electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light. Photons travel as waves and do not require a medium, or substance, to support their movement

3. What is frequency? Is the number of waves that pass by a given reference point per second. The frequency is directly proportional to its energy.

4. What is wavelength · the distance between the tops of successive waves, (Wave lengths are equal distances from the same point of a waves)

5. Amplitude- The distance from the midway point to the crest or trough.

6. What is solar radiation? Solar radiation is a large part of the EM spectrum. About 45% is in infrared region, 46% in the visible region, and 9% in the ultra violet region. Less than 1% falls in any other regions.

Infared radiation causes certain bonded atoms to vibrate more energetically, which is noticed as an increase in the material's temperature. Infrared radiation is also known as "heat" radiation. Most of the radiation can't be reached by the Earth's surface because it is absorbed by carbon dioxide and gaseous by water molecules throughout the atmosphere.
 * 7. What is infared radiation?**

8. What is visible radiation? The wave lengths is between 10-8 and 10-6. 90% of this is visible. Colors are produced by scattered radiation reflecting off of objects.

9. What is UV radiation of the spectrum? Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has three subcategories called UV-A, UV-B and UV-C that all possess a greater energy than visible light. UV radiation can cause sunburn, skin cancer and used for sterilizing materials. Sometimes chemical changes can occur in materials exposed to some UV radiation and can damage tissues of living organisms. Most UV radiation is absorbed by stratospheric or stratospheric ozone layer. If all of the UV radiation actually reached the Earth’s surface, it would probably destroy most life on Earth. UV radiation is needed for vitamin D when the skin receives moderate doses of ultraviolet radiation included in sunlight.

10) **What is the difference between UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C radiation?**

UV-A rays have the lowest energy from having the longest wavelengths. UV-B rays have more energy and can cause sunburn and depending on time of exposure can give skin cancer. UV-C rays can kill bacteria and viruses because of their energetic form, which is why it is used to sterilize materials. They can do this because their photons have enough energy to break covalent bonds.

What is a nanometer?

A nanometer is 1 billionth of a meter.